The First Humans | Little Foot | A Walk Through Time | A Star Species | Lucy | Branches on the Family Tree

LUCY

Perhaps the most familiar of all early hominids, "Lucy" lived in eastern Africa more than three million years ago. Members of her species, Australopithecus afarensis, ventured down from the trees and into the grassy woodlands along the edges of forests, where they walked on two limbs instead of four. Studies of this skeleton have shown that Lucy and her kind walked upright, like modern humans. But their cone-shaped rib cages, short legs and small brains resembled those of apes.

Examine the Evidence: Primate skeletons

• long fingers and toes are good for climbing trees
• short legs are helpful for moving around in trees
• wide and short pelvis suggests upright posture
• thigh bones angle in toward knees, making upright walking easier

ONE OF THE FAMILY
Discovered by scientists in 1974, this early hominid was named after the Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds," which the researchers listened to as they celebrated on the night of their remarkable find.

INSIDE THE BONES
The pattern covering the walls of this hall is based on a digital image of Lucy's bone tissue. This picture was made using confocal scanning microscopy, a technology that allows scientists to "see" microscopic details inside fossils without cutting and damaging them. The sets of concentric circles, the largest of which are the width of a human hair, contained a blood vessel in life. Images like this help show how bone structure and function have changed in the course of human evolution.

• The First Humans
• Early Tools
• Turkana Boy
• Many Faces of Homo
• Out of Africa
• Peking Man
• Spreading through Asia
• The First Europeans
• New Migrants
• Evolution in Europe
• The Neanderthals
• The Origin of Our Species
• The Arrival of Homo sapiens
• Life during the Ice Age
• Expansion of Homo sapiens
• The Symbolic World