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Eric       Got Cats? Get Worms!
Young Naturalist Awards Back to 2005 Winners
Continued...

Parts 2 and 3 determined whether the cats would adapt to their "special" litter pans. The cats quickly proclaimed that they would use the new bins. They seemed to know the worms were there and dug them out rapidly. Barriers of plastic covers with appropriately placed holes, plastic sheeting, and wire mesh barriers were attempted. A thick layer of ryegrass on top as a barrier to protect the worms, was initially the most successful barrier. With time, however, the cats became proficient in uprooting the ryegrass and engaging in search-and-destroy worm missions. The ryegrass was a protective barrier for the worms when the cats had the box for only 10 minutes. The box was presented multiple times during the day, under close observation. The cats looked forward to the arrival of the bin and were quite curious each time it arrived. They enjoyed getting their paws into the moist and cool peat moss.

Part 4 tested the effects of commonly used feline medications on the vermicomposting system. This part necessitated a "control cat." Mom said no more cats. So Freddie, a young neutered male, was borrowed. He did not socialize with the other cats, and he enjoyed his three visits per day to his vermicomposting pan. I choose the most popular and widely available cat products for testing. After all, the vermicomposting pan has to be practical. I exposed vermicomposting bins to treated cats for about two months (56 days, or eight weeks). Most drug metabolites are eliminated in stools over roughly 30 days. The next month no drug was applied, allowing the worm population to recover and the cats to be totally free of the drug. Then the next medication was applied and tested.

Chart 2: Selamectin (Revolution) Average Weekly Worm Counts
Chart 2: Selamectin (Revolution) Average Weekly Worm Counts (Click to enlarge)

Chart 3: Selamectin (Revolution) Average E. coli Colony Counts
Chart 3: Selamectin (Revolution) Average E. coli Colony Counts (Click to enlarge)

Chart 4: Leuferon (Program) Average Weekly Worm Counts.
Chart 4: Leuferon (Program) Average Weekly Worm Counts (Click to enlarge)
Selamectin (Revolution) is a broad-spectrum antiparasite that kills mites, heartworms, roundworms, fleas, and ticks. Selamectin also kills Eisenia fetadia worms. All indicators of vermicomposting system health were affected by Selamectin. Worm counts dropped dramatically; E. coli counts rose; and bin weights were less than the control bin. (See Chart 2: Selamectin (Revolution) Average Weekly Worm Counts and Chart 3: Selamectin (Revolution) Average E. coli Colony Counts)

Leuferon (Program) is an oral suspension that is given to cats for the control of fleas; it is an insect-development inhibitor and doesn't directly kill fleas. Leuferon was much kinder to the worm population. Worm counts were adversely affected, but to a mild degree. The worm counts also were able to recover starting at the fourth week. The worms were able to compost the ADP as indicated by measurements of worm count, soil testing, pH, bin weight, and reduction in E. coli. The control bin still outperformed all 28 Leuferon bins.

Chart 5: Milbemycin (Interceptor) Average Weekly Worm Counts
Chart 5: Milbemycin (Interceptor) Average Weekly Worm Counts (Click to enlarge)
Milbemycin (Interceptor) is an oral tablet that is metabolized in 24 hours, in contrast to the other oral medications in this study. It showed initial declines in worm counts but had less severe adverse effects on the vermicomposting system. (See Chart 5: Milbemycin (Interceptor) Average Weekly Worm Counts)

Fipronil + Methoprene Average Weekly Worm Counts
Fipronil + Methoprene Average Weekly Worm Counts (Click to enlarge)
All the other products tested—Fipronil + Methoprene, Imidacloprid, Fipronil spray, Phenothrin + Methoprene , and Pyriproxyfen—are topical applications. They showed less severe effects on the vermicomposting systems than the Selamectin. All the drugs given to the cats had some effect on the vermicomposting system. It is my opinion that with topical applications, fewer metabolites are eliminated in the cat's stool, and therefore they have less effect on the worms.

Vermicomposting cat wastes completely breaks down the solid fecal material and significantly reduces the bacteria present in a relatively short time. One common cat product, Selamectin, had a profound adverse effect upon the Eisenia fetidia population. Perhaps the best information from my work is that the EPA-approved product Selamectin does have disastrous effects on a sentinel population of invertebrates. Other feline antiparasite products are available which do not have disastrous effects on the worm population.

A simple, effective barrier in the pan that would protect the worms from cat predation was not found in my experiments.

After two years of planning, constructing, experimenting, and observing, I found that the biggest obstacle to testing a practical vermicomposting litter pan was people. My mom was willing to try a vermicomposting pan in the house, but I could find no other volunteer test houses. I had to give the disclaimer that worms will travel out of the bin from time to time. The thought of crawling things in the house made for total negative responses. I guess the average person is just not in touch with nature.

My practical vermicomposting cat litter pan is not a reality, yet. But my cats are enjoying their vermicomposting system, the soil of the landscape around our house is improving, and I'm not cleaning cat litter pans.