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Jeffrey - Investigation of Water and Soil Quality Upstream and Downstream in a Pond Environment


It's a legend around these parts that my neighborhood, Walker Gordon Farm (WGF), was once the residence of Elsie the Cow, the distinguished ungulate whose travels yielded over $10 million for the war effort during the Second World War. Flash-forward 60 years, and WGF is a bustling suburban development with its own tennis courts, a clubhouse, and a modest swimming pool. However, in other areas of the expanse, things have remained relatively the same. Whether you are passing by car or taking a morning jog, it is hard to miss the pond, whose situation seems rather aloof from the rest of the neighborhood. There are no big houses, paved driveways, or fancy gardens. The pond abounds with vegetation, and on my first visit I spotted at least 10 different species of flora. Some of the wildlife taking residence in the area are squirrels, rabbits, white-tailed deer, several species of birds, and many water-dwelling insects.

The stream crosses a man-made barrier
The stream crosses a man-made barrier

Litter in the underbrush upstream
Litter in the underbrush upstream
From another perspective, the pond can be viewed in two separate sections. Rainfall accumulates in the pond within the basin-shaped "upper," or upstream, area. The water then flows away from Plainsboro Road, where it eventually reaches a man-made barrier that resembles a raised rectangular surface. From there, the water flows steadily into a reservoir-shaped area, which I call the "lower" or downstream area. After observing these two areas, I noticed that the upstream area seemed to be more polluted than the downstream part of the pond. The stench of a nearby pharmaceutical company, Firmenich, was pungent here, and there was, unfortunately, evidence of littering. A black pipe runs through the bank of the river, and there were discarded paper cups along the underbrush.

In contrast, the downstream region seems more idyllic: plants with blooming flowers are more prevalent, and the entire area has an untarnished feel to it. Seeing such distinct differences between these two areas of the same pond, I began to wonder how the flow of water and rainfall impacted the water quality of the pond. I hypothesized that the downstream area of the pond would be a more suitable environment for sustaining plant and animal growth than the upstream region, since the water seems to undergo a gradual purification as it flows downstream. Also, vital minerals and nutrients would more likely accumulate downstream because of the direction of the water's flow.
The pond between Walker Gordon Farm and Firmenich Labs.
The pond between Walker Gordon Farm and Firmenich Labs.
To test my hypothesis, I decided to visit the pond at least once a week, alternating between the upstream and downstream areas. I proceeded to record my observations in a field journal, and also took down sketches and photographs of both areas of the pond using a pencil and a digital camera.

After my initial observations, I selected a day when I could collect water samples as well as soil samples in both the downstream and upstream areas of the pond. Because the climate and temperature of my area varies from day to day, it was necessary to gather all my key data from both sites under similar weather conditions. First, I collected two water samples, one each from upstream and downstream, using two 200ml plastic containers. I then tested both samples for free and total chlorine, iron, copper, total nitrate and nitrite, pH and alkalinity, and total hardness using the WaterWorks™ School Test Kit. I utilized the recommended data for aquatic organisms from the Water Quality Control Division of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE-WQCD), found at the BASIN project's Web site. Additionally, I used the recommended data from H2O University's Web site, which is a compilation of several water-quality criteria reports by a number of institutions, including the EPA. This data would serve as the control group in my water-quality testing and would help me decide which part of the pond was more likely to support life. I hypothesized that the downstream water would be of a quality closer to the CDPHE-WQCD standards than the upstream sample. The table below contains data from my water-quality testing. The results are compared directly to the CDPHE-WQCD recommendations for each respective test.

Pond Water Sample Data
Pond Water Sample Data (Click to view)
My water sample results revealed that differences between upstream and downstream were relatively subtle. The only significant differences were in the nitrite (0.3 ppm and 0.0 ppm) and total hardness (50 ppm and 120 ppm) levels for upstream and downstream, respectively. Comparing these to the CDPHE-WQCD regulations, the water from downstream seems to be slightly better in quality. However, such small differences are probably insignificant. Overall, the data from the water test neither supported nor discredited my hypothesis, since the water quality of both areas was too similar to truly distinguish.




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