Eighty years ago, a Museum expedition to the Peruvian Andes captured some of the first color footage of a total solar eclipse. (Watch an excerpt from “The Peruvian Eclipse Expedition,” filmed during the Hayden Planetarium-Grace Peruvian Eclipse Expedition of 1937 and featuring some of that footage, below).
In 1937, Hayden Planetarium Curator Clyde Fisher and some dozen fellow sky-gazers traveled to Peru to be in the path of the Moon’s shadow on June 8th and to record their scientific observations. It promised to be a spectacular sight, as the Sun would be near the horizon—about half an hour from setting—adding the glory of a sunset to the uncanny coloring of an eclipse sky.
The expedition personnel were divided into five groups, each positioned at a distinct location in case cloudy skies obscured a particular viewing spot.
Team members observed the eclipse from 14,600 feet (4,450 meters), or nearly 3 miles, above sea level in the Andes, but Major Albert Stevens might have laid claim to the most unique view—he photographed the eclipse from a plane at 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).
This was a higher elevation than had ever been attempted for eclipse photography, and the resulting images changed astronomers’ conception of the Sun’s corona.
D. Owen Stephens, a trained astronomer turned painter, also accompanied the expedition to capture the eclipse in a way that cameras of the period could not.
A 1937 press release said, “He can see the extents of the outer corona that are too faint to be captured by the plate, at the same time that he views the inner corona and the prominences. … [N]othing except the eye of the artist and his hand can reproduce this most beautiful of sights and most significant of astronomical phenomena.”
