Charles Spencer's Publications

1976. O'Brien, Michael and Charles S. Spencer. The Upper Texas Gulf Coast: Environmental Variables and Human Adaptations. The Texas Journal of Science 27:453-463.

1977. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Survey in the Arroyo Lencho Diego. In The Palo Blanco Project: A Report on the 1975 and 1976 Seasons in the Tehuacán Valley, ed. by Robert D. Drennan, pp. 49-59. R.S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology, Andover, Mass. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor.

1978. Kowalewski, Stephen, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Description of Ceramic Categories. Appendix II, in Monte Albán: Settlement Patterns at the Ancient Zapotec Capital, by Richard E. Blanton, pp. 167-193. Academic Press, New York.

1979. Spencer, Charles S. Irrigation, Administration, and Society in Formative Tehuacán. In Prehistoric Social, Political, and Economic Development in the Area of the Tehuacán Valley: Some Resultsof the Palo Blanco Project, ed. by Robert D. Drennan, pp. 13-109. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Technical Reports, No. 11. Ann Arbor.

1979. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Formative and Classic Developments in the Cuicatlán Cañada: A Preliminary Report. In Prehistoric Social, Political, and Economic Development in the Area of the Tehuacán Valley: Some Results of the Palo Blanco Project, ed. by Robert D. Drennan, pp. 201-215. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Technical Reports, No. 11. Ann Arbor.

1981. Spencer, Charles S. The Spatial Organization of an Early Formative Household. Appendix X, in Excavations at Santo Domingo Tomaltepec: Evolution of a Formative Community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, by Michael E. Whalen, pp. 195-203. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Memoirs, No. 12. Ann Arbor.

1982. Spencer, Charles S. The Cuicatlán Cañada and Monte Albán: A Study of Primary State Formation. Academic Press, New York. 326 pp.

1982. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Chiefdom and State in Formative Oaxaca. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 13:2:7-38.

1982. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Ceramic Chronology for the Cuicatlán Cañada. In The Cuicatlán Cañada and Monte Albán: A Study of Primary State Formation, by Charles S. Spencer, pp. 261-307. Academic Press, New York.

1982. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, ed. by Wendy Ashmore. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque. In American Anthropologist 84:165-166.

1983. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. The Cuicatlán Cañada and the Period II Frontier of the Zapotec State. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations, ed. by Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus, pp. 117-120. Academic Press, New York.

1983. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. A Middle Formative Elite Residence and Associated Structures at La Coyotera, Oaxaca. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations, ed. by Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus, pp. 71-72. Academic Press, New York.

1985. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Archaeological Investigations in the Andean Piedmont and High Llanos of Western Venezuela: A Preliminary Report. In Recent Studies in Andean Prehistory and Protohistory, ed. by Daniel Sandweiss and D. Peter Kvietok, pp. 137-157. Cornell Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1985. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Warfare, Culture, and Environment, ed. by R.Brian Ferguson. Academic Press, Orlando. In American Scientist 73:395.

1985. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Supplement 2, Handbook of Middle American Indians. Volume II: Linguistics, ed. by M. S. Edmondson, with assistance of P.A. Andrews. University of Texas Press, Austin. In Hispanic American Historical Review 65:606-607.

1985. Spencer, Charles S. Abstract on Barinas project. Willay 20/21:16-17.

1986. Spencer, Charles S. and Kent V. Flannery. Spatial Variation of Debris at Guilá Naquitz: A Descriptive Approach. In Guilá Naquitz: Archaic Foraging and Early Agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico, ed. by Kent V. Flannery, pp. 331-367. Academic Press, New York.

1986. Spencer, Charles S. Review of The Origin of Ancient American Cultures, by Paul Shao. Iowa State University Press. Ames. In American Antiquity 51:187-188.

1987. Spencer, Charles S. Rethinking the Chiefdom. In Chiefdoms in the Americas, ed. by Robert D. Drennan and Carlos Uribe, pp. 369-390. University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland.

1988. Spencer, Charles S. Commentary on The Valley of Oaxaca and Ecological Theory. Current Anthropology 29:65-66.

1988. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Ancient Chalcatzingo, ed. by David Grove. University of Texas Press, Austin. In American Scientist 76:626.

1989. Spencer, Charles S. Review of The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations, ed. by Norman Yoffee and George Cowgill. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. In American Scientist 77:600.

1989. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Investigaciones en el Piedemonte Andino y los Llanos Altos de Barinas. Boletín de la Asociación Venezolana de Arqueología 5:4-24. Caracas.

1990. Spencer, Charles S. On the Tempo and Mode of State Formation: Neoevolutionism Reconsidered. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9:1-30.

1990. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Essays in Maya Archaeology. By Gordon R. Willey. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. In American Antiquity 55:202.

1991. Spencer, Charles S. Coevolution and the Development of Venezuelan Chiefdoms. In Profiles in Cultural Evolution: Essays in Honor of Elman R. Service, ed. by A.Terry Rambo, and Katherine Gillogly, pp. 137-165. Anthropological Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, No. 85. Ann Arbor.

1991. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. At the Foot of the Andes. Faces 8:7:22-27.

1991. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Looting: A Tragedy for Science. Faces 8:7:26-27. (sidebar)

1991. Spencer, Charles S. Homology, Analogy, and Comparative Research in Archaeology. Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting Vol. 90.

1992. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Prehispanic Chiefdoms of the Western Venezuelan Llanos. World Archaeology 24:134-157.

1992. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. The Prehistoric City and State of Monte Albán: A View from Its Frontier. In La Ciudad y el Campo en la Historia de México: Memoria de la VII Reunión de Historiadores Mexicanos y Norteamericanos. Tomo I, ed. by Ricardo A. Sánchez, Eric Van Young, and Gisela von Wobeser, pp. 3-24. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

1992. Spencer, Charles S. Homology, Analogy, and Comparative Research in Archaeology. Behavior Science Research 26:163-168.

1992. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. The Jaguar Has Landed: Native and Imperial Ideologies in Formative Oaxaca. Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting 91:274.

1992. Spencer, Charles S., Elsa M. Redmond, and Milagro Rinaldi. Prehispanic Drained Field Agriculture in Barinas, Venezuela. Abstracts of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (p. 119).

1993. Spencer, Charles S. Human Agency, Biased Transmission, and the Cultural Evolution of Chiefly Authority. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12:41-74.

1993. Spencer, Charles S. Comment on Practice and Political Centralisation: A New Theoretical Approach to Political Evolution. Current Anthropology 34:132-133.

1993.Spencer, Charles S. Review of Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations. Ed. by A. Demarest and G. Conrad. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe. In American Anthropologist 95:1019-1020.

1994. Spencer, Charles S. Factional Ascendance, Dimensions of Leadership, and the Development of Centralized Authority. In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World, ed. by Elizabeth Brumfiel and John Fox, pp.31-43. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1994. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Archaeological Curatorship, by Susan Pearce. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. In Curator 37:1:66-67.

1994. Spencer, Charles S., Elsa M. Redmond, and Milagro Rinaldi. Drained Fields at La Tigra, Venezuelan Llanos: A Regional Perspective. Latin American Antiquity 5:119-143.

1994. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. The Cacicazgo: An Indigenous Design. In Caciques and their People: A Volume in Honor of Ronald Spores, ed. by Joyce Marcus and Judith Zeitlin, pp. 189-225. Anthropological Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, No. 89. Ann Arbor.

1994. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Savanna Chiefdoms of Venezuela. National Geographic Research and Exploration 10:422-439.

1994. Spencer, Charles S. Feasts, Funerals, and Politics in Formative Cuicatlán. Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting 93:323.

1995. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Las Calzadas Prehispánicas de Barinas en su Contexto Regional. Acta Científica Venezolana 46:4:253-262.

1996. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Semillas de Industria: Transformaciones de la Tecnología Indígena en las Américas, ed. by Mario Humberto Ruz. CIESAS, Tlalpan, Mexico. In Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2:4:730-731.

1996. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Development of Regional Polities on the Venezuelan Llanos. Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting 95:363.

1996. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Agricultura Indígena: Pasado y Presente. Ed. by Teresa Rojas Rabiela. CIESAS, Mexico. In Hispanic American Historical Review 76:3:551-552

1997.Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Archaeology of the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, No. 80. New York. 642 pp.

1997. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Appendix C. Early Visitors to Quiotepec and Other Archaeological Sites in the Cañada.In Archaeology of the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, No. 80, pp. 620-630. New York.

1997. Spencer, Charles S. Evolutionary Approaches in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 5:209-264.

1997. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Quiotepec: The Northern Frontier of the Zapotec State. Abstracts of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology 62:182. Nashville.

1998. Spencer, Charles S. A Mathematical Model of Primary State Formation. Cultural Dynamics 10:5-20.

1998. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Prehispanic Causeways and Regional Politics in the Llanos of Barinas, Venezuela. Latin American Antiquity 9:95-110.

1998. Spencer, Charles S. Commentary on The Goals of Evolutionary Archaeology: History and Explanation. Current Anthropology 39:641-642.

1998. Spencer, Charles S. Investigating the Development of Venezuelan Chiefdoms. In Chiefdoms and Chieftaincy in the Americas, ed. by E. Redmond, pp. 104-137. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.

1999. Spencer, Charles S. Prehispanic Water Management in Mexico and Venezuela: Implications for Contemporary Ecological Planning. Abstracts of the World Archaeological Congress 4:500/3.

1999. Spencer, Charles S. Palatial Digs. Natural History 108:2:94-95.

1999.Redmond, Elsa M., Rafael Gassón, and Charles S. Spencer. A Macroregional View of Cycling Chiefdoms in the Western Venezuelan Llanos. In Complexity in the Ancient Tropical World, ed. by Elisabeth Bacus and Lisa Lucero, pp. 109-129. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, No. 9. Washington, D.C.

2000. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Lightning and Jaguars: Iconography, Ideology, and Politics in Formative Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. In Cultural Evolution: Contemporary Viewpoints, ed. by Gary Feinman and Linda Manzanilla, pp. 145-175. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.

2000. Spencer, Charles S. Prehispanic Water Management and Agricultural Intensification in Mexico and Venezuela: Implications for Contemporary Ecological Planning. In Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas, ed. by David Lentz, pp. 147-178. Columbia University Press, New York.

2000. Spencer, Charles S. Politicheskaya ekonomiia stanovleniia Pervichnogo gosudarstva. In Al'ternativnye puti k tsvilizatsii, ed. by N. Kradin, A. Korotayev, D. Bondarenko, and V. Linche, pp. 137-154. Logos, Moscow.

2000. Spencer, Charles S. The Political Economy of Pristine State Formation. In Alternatives of Social Evolution, ed. by Nicolay N. Kradin, Andrey V. Korotayev, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Victor de Munck, and Paul W. Wason, pp. 154-165. Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok.

2000. Spencer, Charles S. Food Scarcity, Rural Poverty, and Agricultural Development in Latin America: Issues and Evidence. Culture & Agriculture 22:3:1-14.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Purrón Dam. In The Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, ed. by S. Evans and D. Webster, pp. 618-619. Garland, New York.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. La Coyotera. In The Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, ed. by S. Evans and D. Webster, p. 187. Garland, New York.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Cuicatlán Canyon. In The Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, ed. by S. Evans and D. Webster, p. 198. Garland, New York.

2001. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Monte Albán's Campaigns of Conquest and the Early Zapotec State. Abstracts of the 66th Annual Meeting of Society for American Archaeology (p. 309). New Orleans.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Exchange Patterns and Political Development in Late Formative Oaxaca: The View from Tilcajete. Abstracts of the 66th Annual Meeting of Society for American Archaeology (p. 352-353). New Orleans.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Multilevel Selection and Political Evolution in the Valley of Oaxaca, 500-100 B.C. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:195-229.

2001. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. The Chronology of Conquest: Implications of New Radiocarbon Analyses from the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. Latin American Antiquity 12:182-202.

2002. Spencer, Charles S. Archaeology and Sustainable Development. In Life on Earth: An Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, edited by Niles Eldredge, pp. 142-144. ABC-CLIO Publishers, Santa Barbara, CA.

2002. Beckmann, Jennifer, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Early State Development at San Martín Tilcajete. Electronic article, http://anthro.amnh.org, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

2002. Beckmann, Jennifer and Charles S. Spencer. Sustainable Development through Water Management and Agricultural Intensification in Latin America. Electronic article, http://anthro.amnh.org, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

2002. Beckmann, Jennifer, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Archaeology of the Western Venezuelan Llanos: The Barinas Project. Electronic article, http://anthro.amnh.org, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

2002. Beckmann, Jennifer, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Archaeology of the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico. Electronic article, http://anthro.amnh.org, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

2003. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Militarism, Resistance, and Early State Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. Social Evolution & History 2(1):25-70.

2003. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. A Middle Formative Elite Residence and Associated Structures at La Coyotera, Oaxaca. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations (reprinted edition), ed. by Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus, pp. 71-72. Percheron Press, Clinton Corners, NY.

2003. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. The Cuicatlán Cañada and the Period II Frontier of the Zapotec State. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations (reprinted edition), ed. by Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Marcus, pp. 117-120. Percheron Press, Clinton Corners, NY.

2003. Spencer, Charles S. War and Early State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(20):11185-11187.

2004. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Dealing with Resistance: Territorial Expansion and Early State Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. Abstracts of the Third International Conference on Hierarchy and Power in the History of Civilizations (pp. 86-87). Moscow.

2004. Kowalewski, Stephen, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Description of Ceramic Categories. Appendix II, in Monte Albán: Settlement Patterns at the Ancient Zapotec Capital (reprinted edition), by Richard E. Blanton, pp. 167-193. Percheron Press, Clinton Corners, NY.

2004. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Conquest Warfare, Strategies of Resistance, and the Rise of the Zapotec Early State. In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, ed. by L. E. Grinin, R. L. Carneiro, D. M. Bondarenko, N. N. Kradin, and A. V. Korotayev, pp. 220-261. Urchitel, Moscow.

2004. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Primary State Formation in Mesoamerica. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:173-199.

2004. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. A Late Monte Albán I Phase (300-100 B.C.) Palace in the Valley of Oaxaca. Latin American Antiquity 15:441-455.

2004. Sherman, R. Jason, Leah Minc, Christina M. Elson, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. The Preliminary Results of Trace-element Analysis on Pottery from Periods Monte Albán I and Monte Albán II from the Sites of El Palenque, Cerro Tilcajete, and Yaasuchi (Oaxaca, Mexico). Electronic article, http://anthro.amnh.org, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

2005. Spencer, Charles S. Past, Present, and Possible Future of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History. Abstracts of the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (p. A4). Washington, D.C.

2005. Spencer, Charles S. Crossing the Valley: Adaptive Landscapes and Primary State Formation in Ancient Oaxaca. Abstracts of the 70th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (p. 276). Salt Lake City, Utah.

2005. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Institutional Development in Late Formative Oaxaca: The View from San Martín Tilcajete. In New Perspectives on Formative Mesoamerican Cultures, ed. by Terry G. Powis, pp. 171-182. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1377. Archaeopress, Oxford, UK.

2005. Flannery, Kent V., Andrew K. Balkansky, Gary M. Feinman, David C. Grove, Joyce Marcus, Elsa M. Redmond, Robert G. Reynolds, Robert J. Sharer, Charles S. Spencer, and Jason Yaeger. Implications of New Petrographic Analysis for the Olmec "Mother Culture" Model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(32):11219-11223.

2006. Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Resistance Strategies and Early State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico. In Intermediate Elites in Precolumbian States and Empires, ed. by Christina Elson and R. Alan Covey, pp. 21-43. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson.

2006. Sharer, Robert J, Andrew K. Balkansky, James H. Burton, Gary M. Feinman, Kent V. Flannery, David C. Grove, Joyce Marcus, Robert G. Moyle, T. Douglas Price, Elsa M. Redmond, Robert G. Reynolds, Prudence M. Rice, Charles S. Spencer, James B. Stoltman, and Jason Yaeger. On the Logic of Archaeological Inference: Early Formative Pottery and the Evolution of Mesoamerican Societies. Latin American Antiquity 17:90-103.

2006. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. From Raiding to Conquest: Warfare Strategies and Early State Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. In The Archaeology of Warfare: Prehistories of Raiding and Conquest, ed. by Elizabeth N. Arkush and Mark W. Allen, pp. 336-393. Univ. of Florida Press, Gainesville.

2006. Spencer, Charles S. Review of Yaxcabá and the Caste War of Yucatán: An Archaeological Perspective, by Rani T. Alexander. 2004. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37:167-168.

2006. Spencer, Charles S. Modeling (and Measuring) Expansionism and Resistance: State Formation in Ancient Oaxaca, Mexico. In History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies, ed. by Peter Turchin, Leonid Grinin, Andrey Korotayev, and Victor C. de Munck, pp. 170-192. Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow.

2007. Spencer, Charles S. Territorial Expansion and Primary State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico. In Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence, ed. by Richard Chacon and Ruben Mendoza, pp. 55-72. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson.

2007. Cordell, Linda S., T. J. Ferguson, Elsa M. Redmond, Charles S. Spencer, David Hurst Thomas, and Peter Whiteley. A Misrepresentation of Ancestral Pueblo. Anthropology News 48(5): 3.

2007. Minc, Leah D., R. Jason Sherman, Christina Elson, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. 'M Glow Blue': Archaeometric Research at Michigan's Ford Nuclear Reactor. Archaeometry 49:215-228.

2007. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Archaeological Survey in the High Llanos and Andean Piedmont of Barinas, Venezuela. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, No. 86. New York. 343 pp.

2007. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Investigaciones Arqueológicas en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca. Boletín del Consejo de Arqueología. Electronic article, http://www.arqueologia.inah.gob.mx/consejo/index.php (posted 9/28/07). Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. México, D.F.

2008. Duncan, William N. Christina Elson, Charles Spencer, and Elsa Redmond. A Human Maxilla Trophy from Los Mogotes, Oaxaca, Mexico. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 46:93.

2008. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Rituals of Sanctification and the Development of Standardized Temples in Oaxaca, Mexico. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18:239-266.

2008. Spencer, Charles S., Elsa M. Redmond, and Christina M. Elson. Ceramic Microtypology and the Territorial Expansion of the Early Monte Albán State in Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 33:321-341.

2009. Spencer, Charles S. Testing the Morphogenesist Model of Primary State Formation: The Zapotec Case. In Macroevolution in Human Prehistory: Evolutionary Theory and Processual Archaeology, ed. by Anna M. Prentiss, Ian Kuijt, and James C. Chatters, pp. 133-155. Springer, New York.

2009. Duncan, William N., Christina Elson, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. A Human Maxilla Trophy from Cerro Tilcajete, Oaxaca, Mexico. Mexicon 31:108-113.

2010. Spencer, Charles S. Territorial Expansion and Primary State Formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107:7119-7126.

2010. Gleick, Peter H., Robert M. Adam, Charles S. Spencer, et al. (total of 255 authors, all members of tbe National Academy of Sciences USA). Climate Change and the Integrity of Science. Science 328:689-690.

2010. Sherman, R. Jason, Andrew K. Balkansky, Charles S. Spencer, and Brian Nicholls. Expansionary Dynamics of the Nascent Monte Albán State. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29:278-301.

2011. Spencer, Charles S. Evolutionary Approaches in Archaeology. Persian translation by Kamyar Abdi. Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History 24:2:28:66-98.

2011. Spencer, Charles S. Processual Evolutionism: Retrospect and Prospect. Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History 24:2:28:3.

2011. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Notas Sobre el Desarollo Político en el Valle de Oaxaca durante el Formativo Tardío: Una Perspectiva desde San Martín Tilcajete. In Monte Albán en la Encrucijada Regional y Disciplinaria: Memoria de la Quinta Mesa Redonda de Monte Albán, ed. by Nelly M. Robles García and Ángel I. Rivera Guzmán, pp. 139-162. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.

2012. Redmond, Elsa M. and Charles S. Spencer. Chiefdoms at the Threshold: The Competitive Origins of the Primary State. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31:22-37.

2013. Spencer, Charles S. The Competitive Context of Cooperation in Pre-Hispanic Barinas, Venezuela: A Multilevel-Selection Approach. In Cooperation and Collective Action: Archaeological Perspectives, ed. by David Carballo, pp. 197-221. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.

2013. Spencer, Charles S., and Elsa M. Redmond. Investigating the Emergence of Internally-Specialized Governance at El Palenque, a Late Formative Site near San Martín Tilcajete, Oaxaca. Abstracts of the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (p. 390).

2013. Minc, Leah, Jason Sherman, Christina Elson, Charles Spencer, and Elsa Redmond. Clay Survey and Ceramic Provenance in the Valley of Oaxaca: Mapping out Pottery Production and Exchange in the Late to Terminal Formative. Abstracts of the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (p. 293).

2013. Redmond, Elsa M., and Charles S. Spencer. Early (300-100 B.C.) Temple Precinct in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 110(19):E1707-E1715.

Manuscripts in press, accepted, under review, submitted, or in preparation

Spencer, Charles S. Accepted. Testing the Morphogenesist Model of Primary State Formation: The Zapotec Case. In Macroevolution in Human Prehistory, ed. by Anna Prentiss, Ian Kuijt, and James C. Chatters. Springer, New York.

Duncan, William N., Christina Elson, Charles Spencer, and Elsa Redmond. Submitted. A Human Maxilla Trophy from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mexicon.

Elson, Christina M., R. Jason Sherman, Leah Minc, Charles S. Spencer, and Elsa M. Redmond. Submitted. Los resultados preliminares del Instrumental Neutron Activaction Analysis (INAA) de la cerámica de las fases Monte Albán I y Monte Albán II de los sitios de El Palenque, Cerro Tilcajete e Yaasuchi. Memoria de la Cuarta Mesa Redonda Monte Albán, ed. por Nelly Robles y Ronald Spores. Centro INAH Oaxaca, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Sherman, R. Jason, Andrew K. Balkansky, Charles S. Spencer, and Brian Nicholls. In prep. Expansionary Dynamics of the Early Zapotec State. Manuscript in preparation for journal submission.

Spencer, Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. In prep. Archaeological Investigations at Gaván Complex Sites in Barinas, Venezuela. Manuscript in preparation for submission to Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Spencer, Charles S. In prep. Distributional Variability at Cueva Blanca: A Local Analysis of Grid-Density Data. In Cueva Blanca, ed. by Kent V. Flannery. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor. Publisher not yet determined.

Technical Reports (limited distribution)

1990. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Final Report to the Anthropology Program of the National Science Foundation on Grant BNS-8506192, titled "Prehistory of the Andean Piedmont and High Llanos in Barinas, Venezuela."

1994. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1993." 67 pp.

1995. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1994." 79 pp.

1996. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1995." 119 pp.

1997. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1996." 152 pp.

1998. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1997." 177 pp.

1999. Spencer, C. and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1998." 226 pp.

2000. Spencer, C., E. Redmond, and C. Elson. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 1999." 185 pp.

2000. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Final Report to the National Science Foundation concerning grant SBR-9303129, titled"Intensive Survey and Excavation at San Martín Tilcajete: Development of a Formative Subregional Center in the Valley of Oaxaca." Electronic submission. 7 pp.

2001. Spencer, C., E. Redmond, and C. Elson. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 2000." 179 pp.

2001. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Final Technical Report to the Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society: "Excavations at El Palenque, a Late Formative Center in Oaxaca." (Grant No. 6519-99). 179 pp.

2002. Spencer, C., E. Redmond, and C. Elson. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 2001."

2003. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 2002.Tomos I, II, III."

2005. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 2004: Análisis de Laboratorio."

2006. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporada 2005: Análisis de Laboratorio."

2008. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico (Final) para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en San Martín Tilcajete: Un Centro Subregional del Período Formativo en el Valle de Oaxaca, Temporadas 1993-2007."

2010. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en El Palenque, San Martín Tilcajete, Valle de Oaxaca: Un Recinto Ceremonial del Período Formativo, Temporada 2009."

2010. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Adenda al Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en El Palenque, San Martín Tilcajete, Valle de Oaxaca: Un Recinto Ceremonial del Período Formativo, Temporada 2009."

2013. Spencer, C., and E. Redmond. Informe Técnico para el Consejo de Arqueología del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: "Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica en El Palenque, San Martín Tilcajete, Valle de Oaxaca: Un Recinto Ceremonial del Período Formativo, Temporada 2011."