Shannon       Troubled Waters: A Six-month Longitudinal Study of the Spanish Fork River System
Young Naturalist Awards Back to 2005 Winners
Continued...

References

Baumann, Richard. Interviews by Shannon Babb. Monte L. Bean Natural History Museum, Provo, Utah, April 2003, August 2003, October 2003, December 2003, March 2004.

Booth, Derek B., et al. Urban Stream Rehabilitation in the Pacific Northwest. Center for Urban Resources Management Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington. EPA Grant Number R82-5284-010, 2001.

Chandler, Harry, Gregory Ellard, and Robert Meek. "Bring on the Rain." Water Environment & Technology September 2003: 119-121.

deBarbadillo, Christine, et al. "Get the Nitrate Out." Water Environment & Technology December 2003: 52-57.

De Villiers, Marq. Water: The Fate of Our Most Precious Resource. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.

EPA. Wadeable Streams Assessment. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 23 April 2004. http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/wsa/index.html

Geiger, John, and Nancy Mesner. Utah Stream Team Manual. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Extension, 2003.

Gleick, Peter H. "Making Every Drop Count." Scientific American February 2001: 40-45.

Harris, Sally. Hyporheic Zone Appears Key to Nitrogen Remediation in Streams. Retrieved fromthe World Wide Web on 10 February 2004. http://www.research.vt.edu/resmag/sciencecol/2001stream.html

Kondolf, G. Mathias. "A Cross-Section of Stream Channel Restoration." Journal of Salt and Water Conservation 51.2 (1996): 119-125.

Lawre, L. B. and J. C. Day. Planning for Stream Remediation Using Multiple-Account Analysis: Stoney (Topping) Creek, Trail, B.C. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 10 February 2004. http://www.ott.wrcc.osmre.gov/library/proceed/sudbury2003/sudbury03/18.pdf

Loveless, Ray. Interviews by Shannon Babb. Mountainlands Association of Governments, Orem, Utah, April 2003, February 2004.

Martindale, Diane. "Safeguarding Our Water: How We Can Do It." Scientific American February 2001: 52-55.

Needham, James G. and Paul R. Needham. A Guide to the Study of Fresh-Water Biology. San Francisco: 1962.

Platts, Williams S. Evaluation of Riparian Habitat Rehabilitation. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 15 October 2004. http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/techmemos/tm187/platts.htm

Postel, Sandra. "Growing More Food with Less Water." Scientific American February 2001: 46-51.

Raloff, Janet. "Dead Waters: Massive oxygen-starved zones are developing along the world's coasts." Science News June 5, 2004: 360.

Raloff, Janet. "Dead Zone: How to curb river pollution and save the Gulf of Mexico." Science News June 12, 2004: 378.

Renner, Rebecca. "An Environmental Solution: Ionic Liquids May Replace Hazardous Solvents." Scientific American August 2001: 19.

Renner, Rebecca. "Drams of Drugs and Dregs: Excreted Chemicals Pollute U.S. Streams." Scientific American May 2002: 29.

Ross, Chris. "Stream rehabilitation gets back to nature: concrete and riprap are giving way to an innovative method of rehabilitating damaged streams that may change the way hydrologists look at reviving stream systems." American City & County 111.1 (1996): 20-24.

Simons, Paul. Tapped Out: The Coming World Water Crisis and What We Can Do About It. Washington D.C.: National Press Books of Washington D.C., 1998.

Simpson, Sarah. "Deadly Waters." Scientific American July 2001: 19-21.

Sotir, Robbin. "Brushing up on erosion control: vegetation and structural stability combine to make soil bioengineering and a natural solution to erosion and flooding." American City & County 113.2 (1998): 18-24.

Spanish Fork River CRMP Map. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, 1999.

Spice, Steve. "Are Today's Chemical Miracles Tomorrow's Environmental Headaches?" Water Environment & Technology December 2003: 58.

Torres, Allison. "Should Cost Be an Environmental Issue?" Water Environment & Technology December 2003: 59.

Water and River Commission. Protecting Water Resources. Retrieved from the World Wide
Web 23 April 2004. http://www.wrc.wa.gov.au/protect/


Appendix I — Site Key

Site l - Thistle Creek
Site 2 - Soldier Creek
Site 3 - Diamond Fork River
Site 4 - Spanish Fork River (in canyon)
Site 5 - Spanish Fork River (upstream urbanization)
Site 6 - Spanish Fork River (downstream urbanization)
Site 7 - Spanish Fork River (downstream agriculture)

Appendix III -- Test Data

MAY
 Site 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen6 ppm*8ppm6ppm*8ppm8ppm6ppm*2ppm*
Nitrate00000.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm
Phosphorus.02ppm.10ppm*.02ppm.05ppm*.05ppm*.12ppm*.10ppm*
pH79*76.5*777.5
Water
Temperature
52.9 F53.4 F60.2 F62.1 F63.3 F62.4 F68.2 F*
Turbidity>60 cm19cm*52 cm42 cm*38 cm*36 cm*19 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec54
feet3/sec
33
feet3/sec
192
feet3/sec
616
feet3/sec
64
feet3/sec
112
feet3/sec
24.3
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries

JUNE
 Site 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen7ppm9ppm6ppm*7ppm7ppm6ppm*1ppm*
Nitrate0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.2ppm*
Phosphorus.06ppm*.03ppm.02ppm.05ppm*.09ppm*.09ppm*.09ppm*
pH776.5*7.56.5*7.57.5
Water Temperature55.9 F55.1 F56.1 F60.2 F61.3 F63.9 F67.5 F
Turbidity>60 cm52 cm>60 cm50 cm55 cm44 cm*23 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec100
feet3/sec
33
feet3/sec
660.3
feet3/sec
1,162
feet3/sec
93
feet3/sec
94
feet3/sec
24
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries

JULY
 Site 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen6ppm*8ppm8ppm7ppm5ppm*3ppm*1ppm*
Nitrate0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm0.2ppm*
Phosphorus.06ppm*.03ppm .02ppm.05ppm*.09ppm*.09ppm*.09ppm*
pH776.5*7.56.5*7.57.5
Water
Temperature
54.3 F54.7 F65.1 F63.4 F64.6 F64.6 F70.4 F*
Turbidity>60 cm57 cm>60 cm40 cm*55 cm44 cm*40 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec45
feet3/sec
22.4
feet3/sec
518.75
feet3/sec
965.6
feet3/sec
80.5
feet3/sec
124.8
feet3/sec
3.2
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries

AUGUST
 Site 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen7ppm8ppm9ppm8ppm6ppm*2ppm*1ppm*
Nitrate0.1ppm000.1ppm0.1ppm0.2ppm*0.2ppm*
Phosphorus.02ppm.02ppm.02ppm.03ppm.06ppm*.10ppm*.08ppm*
pH77.56.5*77.577.5
Water
Temperature
55.3 F52.4 F67 F65.3 F65.2 F64.9 F71.2 F*
Turbidity>60 cm54 cm>60 cm30 cm*>60 cm46 cm*20 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec39.2
feet3/sec
43.75
feet3/sec
401.5
feet3/sec
1,286.5
feet3/sec
74.9
feet3/sec
112.84
feet3/sec
1.17
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries

SEPTEMBER
 Site 1Site 2Site 3Site 4Site 5Site 6Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen7ppm9ppm8ppm7ppm6ppm*4ppm*2ppm*
Nitrate00000.1ppm0.1ppm0.2ppm*
Phosphorus.03ppm.02ppm.01ppm.02ppm.10ppm*.08ppm*.12ppm*
pH77.577.57.576.5*
Water
Temperature
53.3 F56.1 F64.3 F61.9 F62.4 F63.1 F68.2 F*
Turbidity>60 cm15 cm*>60 cm>60 cm>60 cm53 cm*19 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec36.4
feet3/sec
23.1
feet3/sec
481.25
feet3/sec
949.9
feet3/sec
58
feet3/sec
102.15
feet3/sec
1.47
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries

OCTOBER
 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7
Dissolved Oxygen8ppm6ppm*6ppm*8ppm8ppm6ppm*2ppm*
Nitrate00000.1ppm0.1ppm0.1ppm
Phosphorus.02ppm.10ppm*.02ppm.05ppm*.05ppm*.12ppm*.10ppm*
pH79*76.5*777.5
Water
Temperature
53.2 F53.8 F64.3 F64.2 F63.4 F62.5 F70.2 F*
Turbidity25 cm*28.5cm*19 cm*12 cm*>60 cm>60 cm5 cm*
Flow Rate feet3/sec37.7
feet3/sec
41.6
feet3/sec
493.75
feet3/sec
755
feet3/sec
74
feet3/sec
98
feet3/sec
19.8
feet3/sec
* Exceeds Utah EPA Standards or Guidelines for Cold-Water Fisheries