Invertebrate Paleontology

Craig Chesek/© AMNH 

Collections

The invertebrate paleontology collection was founded in 1875 with the purchase of around 100,000 specimens from James Hall Jr., State Paleontologist of New York. Since then, it has grown into one of the world’s most important collections of fossil invertebrates through extensive fieldwork by museum curators and donations from professional and avocational paleontologists alike. Today, it comprises an estimated 5 million specimens from across the globe, including over 15,000 type specimens. 

The collection spans over half a billion years of Earth’s history, from the dawn of macroscopic animal life in the Ediacaran Period (around 558 million years ago) to the end of the Pleistocene Epoch (around 11,700 years ago). It includes fossils from all major groups, such as molluscs, brachiopods, corals, arthropods, graptolites, and bryozoans. As of January 2026, approximately 35% of the collection is cataloged and searchable online through the Paleontology Database.  

Research and Fieldwork

Invertebrate Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History combines fieldwork, the Museum's collections, and quantitative methods to understand the early evolution of animals; the mechanisms driving evolution and extinction; and the complex interactions between life and Earth's system through geological time. 

Dr. Melanie Hopkins, Curator-in-Charge, Invertebrate Paleontology

Dr. Hopkins’ research focuses on understanding the evolution of morphology, particularly in trilobites. Her fieldwork in Anticosti Island is shedding new light on the world’s first major mass extinction event, which occurred at the end of the Ordovician Period, around 445 million years ago.

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Melanie Hopkins stands in an office with file cabinets and a table covered with fossil specimens and holds a trilobite fossil. Curator Melanie Hopkins holding an extremely well-preserved fossil of Triarthrus eatoni from upstate New York.
Daniel Kim /© AMNH
Dr. Scott Evans, Assistant Curator, Invertebrate Paleontology

Dr. Evans is interested in exceptionally preserved fossil invertebrates, including some of the earliest known animals from the Ediacaran Period, around 550 million years ago. His fieldwork takes him to remote locations in the United States, Australia and Canada, searching for the remains of rare and enigmatic soft-bodied organisms. 

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Assistant curator Scott D. Evans sits inside a shallow pit in a desert, holding a paleontology tool in one hand. © AMNH
Dr. Neil Landman, Curator Emeritus, Invertebrate Paleontology

Dr. Landman’s research focuses on the evolution and life history of cephalopods, such as ammonites. He is also interested in how life in the oceans was affected by the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous Period, 66 million years ago. He collects extensively from the Northern Great Plains and the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States. 

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Seven people in the foreground wearing hard hats and most wearing bright vests stand on rocky hill, with 5 more people sitting in the background. Neil Landman and colleagues search for ammonite fossils along the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in Morocco. 
J. Sessa/© AMNH
Dr. Niles Eldredge, Curator Emeritus, Invertebrate Paleontology

Dr. Eldredge seeks to integrate patterns observed in the fossil record with evolutionary theory. Along with Dr. Stephen Jay Gould (Harvard University), Dr. Eldredge formulated the theory of Punctuated Equilibria.

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Photo of Niles Eldredge © American Museum of Natural History